In-situ Biological Water Treatment Technologies for Environmental Remediation: a Review

The acceleration of urbanization and rapid development of economy led to making surface water pollution problem becoming more critical. Water treatment technologies can be generally classified as insitu or ex-situ. In this paper, a comprehensive review describing the latest surface water remediation developments and technologies that can be suitable for in-situ applications. The review covers the related researches on river pollution control and remediation systems , however, more weight was given to bioremediation technologies (i.e. remediation using aquatic plants, remediation using aquatic animals, and Microbial Remediation) as one of the effective ways to deal with the pollution of natural water. At the moment, it was concluded that approaches to alleviate the river pollution problem should utilize the bioremediation as the primary technique, followed by the physical and chemical remediation as the supplementary means. Applying those methods for other polluted surface waters such as agricultural drainage water is recommended as well.